Dog Health Guide
16 conditions • Expert-reviewed information
Temperature
101.0-102.5°F (38.3-39.2°C)
Heart Rate
60-140 bpm (smaller breeds faster)
Respiratory Rate
10-35 breaths/min
🚨 Emergency Conditions — Know the Signs
Canine Parvovirus (Parvo)
A highly contagious and life-threatening viral disease in dogs, especially puppies. Causes severe vomiting and bloody diarrhea. Immediate veterinary care is critical.
Canine Distemper
A highly contagious and often fatal viral disease affecting the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. Vaccination is highly effective at prevention.
Canine Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas causing severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and potentially life-threatening systemic complications. Can be acute (sudden) or chronic.
Conditions by Body System
digestive System
Acute Gastroenteritis in Dogs
Sudden inflammation of the stomach and intestines causing vomiting and diarrhea. Can range from mild dietary indiscretion to a serious condition requiring hospitalization.
Giardiasis in Dogs
A protozoal intestinal infection caused by Giardia duodenalis. Common in puppies and dogs in group settings. Causes chronic intermittent diarrhea and can be transmitted to humans.
musculoskeletal System
Canine Hip Dysplasia
A common inherited orthopedic condition where the hip joint develops abnormally, causing pain, lameness, and eventually arthritis. Most common in large breed dogs.
Canine Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease)
Progressive, irreversible degeneration of joint cartilage affecting up to 25% of all dogs. Most common in senior and large-breed dogs. Management focuses on pain control and maintaining mobility.
Cranial Cruciate Ligament (CCL) Tear in Dogs
The most common orthopedic injury in dogs — equivalent to an ACL tear in humans. Causes sudden or progressive hind limb lameness. Most dogs require surgical stabilization for the best long-term outcome.
Patellar Luxation in Dogs
A condition where the kneecap (patella) dislocates from its normal groove. Most common in small and toy breeds. Can range from occasional skipping to permanent lameness requiring surgery.
skin coat System
Canine Atopic Dermatitis (Environmental Allergies)
The most common allergic skin disease in dogs, affecting 10-15% of the canine population. Genetically predisposed dogs develop hypersensitivities to environmental allergens like pollen, dust mites, and molds. Causes intense itching and recurrent skin/ear infections.
Food Allergy (Cutaneous Adverse Food Reaction) in Dogs
An immune-mediated reaction to dietary proteins, causing skin disease and/or gastrointestinal signs. Often looks identical to environmental allergies. Diagnosis requires a strict elimination diet trial — there is no reliable blood or saliva test.
Hypothyroidism in Dogs
The most common endocrine disease in dogs, caused by insufficient thyroid hormone production. Leads to a slowed metabolism affecting nearly every body system. Easily diagnosed and treated with daily medication.
Dog Health Tips
Annual Check-ups
Schedule yearly veterinary exams including blood work for dogs over 7 years old. Early detection saves lives.
Dental Care
Dental disease affects 80% of dogs by age 3. Brush teeth regularly and schedule professional cleanings.
Weight Management
Obesity shortens lifespan and predisposes to arthritis, diabetes, and other conditions. Use a body condition score to monitor.
Parasite Prevention
Keep up with flea, tick, and heartworm prevention year-round — not just in summer.
Know the Emergencies
Learn the signs of common dog emergencies: bloat (dogs), urinary blockage (cats), poisoning, and severe trauma.
Nutrition
Feed a high-quality diet appropriate for life stage. Consult your vet before making major diet changes.