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Reptile Health Guide

4 conditions • Expert-reviewed information

Temperature

Species-dependent (basking 85-110°F/29-43°C)

Heart Rate

Varies with temperature

Respiratory Rate

Varies with temperature

Conditions by Body System

respiratory System

Respiratory Infection in Reptiles

One of the most common health issues in captive reptiles, usually triggered by improper temperature or humidity. Can progress from mild nasal discharge to life-threatening pneumonia. Early detection and husbandry correction are essential.

Moderate

musculoskeletal System

Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD) in Reptiles

The most common preventable disease of captive reptiles. Caused by calcium deficiency, vitamin D3 deficiency, and/or improper UVB lighting. Leads to soft, deformed bones, fractures, seizures, and death.

Severe

digestive System

Mouth Rot (Infectious Stomatitis) in Reptiles

A common bacterial infection of the oral cavity in captive reptiles. Causes inflammation, pus, and tissue destruction in the mouth. Usually secondary to poor husbandry, malnutrition, or immunosuppression.

Moderate

skin coat System

Dysecdysis (Abnormal/Retained Shed) in Reptiles

Failure of a reptile to shed its skin normally. Instead of coming off in one piece (snakes) or large sheets (lizards), the skin comes off in pieces or remains stuck. Usually indicates a husbandry problem.

Mild

Reptile Health Tips

Annual Check-ups

Schedule yearly veterinary exams including blood work for reptiles over 7 years old. Early detection saves lives.

Dental Care

Dental disease affects 80% of reptiles by age 3. Brush teeth regularly and schedule professional cleanings.

Weight Management

Obesity shortens lifespan and predisposes to arthritis, diabetes, and other conditions. Use a body condition score to monitor.

Parasite Prevention

Keep up with flea, tick, and heartworm prevention year-round — not just in summer.

Know the Emergencies

Learn the signs of common reptile emergencies: bloat (dogs), urinary blockage (cats), poisoning, and severe trauma.

Nutrition

Feed a high-quality diet appropriate for life stage. Consult your vet before making major diet changes.